Applications

Utility Systems Inc. offers the most advanced and highest performing Disturbance Monitoring Equipment (DME) that provides its users with accurate transient fault recording while simultaneously performing wide-area grid assessment and trend logging of calculated measurements. All USI™ DEM systems are suitable for generation, transmission, industrial, and distribution operation and functions. As the leading force in DMEs, USI provides the user with simultaneous access to DFR, SER, DDR, CR, PMU, and FL applications.

DIGITAL FAULT RECORDER (DFR)

The Digital Fault Recorder (DFR) function of the USI DME systems provide our customers with the ability to analyze system protection operations and circuit breaker performance. USI DRFs record instantaneous values (waveforms) of current and voltages, which are sampled at many times per cycle, for time periods on the order of a second. May also record computed quantities

Overall, the purpose of a DFR includes recording power system events (voltage & current magnitudes), capturing the exact time at which a fault occurred, power swings, and abnormal instrument transformer behavior, such as CT saturation, DC offset (inductance of the system), and CCVT response. Additionally a DFR monitors the protection systems’ performance and checks the power system for failures of a relay to operate as intended (retro fit, trip test switch open, etc.), incorrect tripping of terminals for external faults, determining the optimum line reclose delay, and failure of fault interrupting devices.

USI DFR SPECIFICATIONS

RECORDING:
Maximum Sample Frequency	24kHz per channel
Pre-Fault	100-9999 milliseconds
Post-Fault	100-9999 milliseconds
Fault Limit	100-9999 milliseconds
Maximum Record Length	40 seconds @ 24kHz Sample Frequency

ANALOG INPUTS:
Voltage	400Vrms
Voltage Accuracy	0.01% of Reading + 0.005% of Full Scale
Amperes	200Arms for 2 seconds – 15Arms Continuously
Ampere Accuracy	0.25% of Reading + 0.005% of Full Scale

Resolution	16 bit
Bandwidth	DC to 5kHz
Linearity	0.01% of Full Scale Typical
Isolation:	200Vrms channel to channel
	200Vrms channel to ground

Trigger Types:	RMS (Over, Under, or Both)
	Frequency (Over, Under, or Both)
	Harmonic
	Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
	Watts
	VAR
	+/-/0 Sequence
	Automatic Post-Fault Re-Trigger

DIGITAL INPUTS:
Input Voltage	Universal Input Range of 40VDC – 250VDC
Current Draw	2mA
Trigger	Normal to Abnormal, Abnormal to Normal, Either, or Inhibit
Filtering	Chatter and Debounce Filter

TIME SYNCHRONIZATION:
IRIG-B (Modulated)	<1 millisecond
IRIG-B (Un-Modulated)	<1 microsecond

POWER SUPPLY:
	36-75VDC
	66-154VDC
	100-375VDC

ENVIRONMENTAL:
Temperature	0-55°C
Humidity	Up to 90% Non-Condensing

: DFR Analog Channels Display

: DFR Calibration Verification

: DFR Fault Analysis

: DFR FFT Data Analysis

: DFR Home Screen & Data Base

: DFR Vector Analysis

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RECORDER (SER)

The Sequence of Events Recorder (SER) function can be found in both USI DME systems as well as standalone USI SER systems. The SER function monitors external inputs and records status changes that occur in the power system. In order to accomplish this function, the SER samples and time stamps operational data in the chronological sequence in which the events take place. This operational data is monitored from substation equipment (i.e., relays, circuit breakers, etc.) and control schemes (automatic and manual) as they react to an event that takes place within the power systems the SER is monitoring. When collected, this data, which can be caused by several different individual events such as a switching operation, mis-operation, or fault, allows the chain of events to be analyzed and studied when searching for the cause of an event that took place within the power systems, as well as the linkages between individual actions and effects.

USI™ SER SPECIFICATIONS

ANALOG INPUTS: ANALOG INPUTS:

DIGITAL INPUTS:
Input Voltage	Universal Input Range of 40VDC – 250VDC
Current Draw	2mA
Post-Fault	100-9999 milliseconds
Trigger	Normal to Abnormal, Abnormal to Normal, Either, or Inhibit
Filtering	Chatter and Debounce Filter

ENVIRONMENTAL:
Temperature	0 – 55°C
Humidity	Up to 90% Non-Condensing

: SER Data Screen

: SER Report Summary

: SER Channel Status Displayed on the Scope Display

DYNAMIC DISTURBANCE RECORDER (DDR)

The Dynamic Disturbance Reorder (DDR) function is a standard feature found on USI™ DME Systems. The DDR function analyzes complex power systems events and records the dynamic response of power systems to disturbances that have occurred within the same system. DDRs are extremely useful for disturbance analysis, investigating system oscillations, quantifying sudden changes in power system parameters, and obtaining data for verifying stability models. The DDR is normally used by utilities for low-speed disturbance recording and to capture records that are typically from 1 minute to 1 hour in length. The USI™ DDR function recorders frequency, phase angle, and RMS values of a power systems’ quantities. These quantities include voltage magnitude, current, MW, and MVAR, sampled and calculated at a rapid rate (i.e., 6 to 60 samples or more) per second. Recording duration is generally on the order of a minute or more.

USI™ DDR SPECIFICATIONS

Sampled Data:
Maximum Sample Frequency	2.4kHz per channel

Calculated RMS Values:
Maximum Measurement Frequency	60Hz per channel

Record Lengths:
Pre-Fault	10 – 990 seconds
Post-Fault	10 – 990 seconds
Fault Limit	10 – 990 seconds
Maximum Record Length	33 minutes

Trigger Types:	RMS (Over, Under, or Both)
	Frequency (Over, Under, or Both)
	Harmonic
	Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
	Watts
	VAR
	+/-/0 Sequence
	Rate of Change on all Units
	Duration
	Automatic Post-Fault Re-Trigger

: DDR Analog Screen

: DDR Analog Plot of 80 Seconds Sampled Data with Four Faults at T-Zero

: DDR RMS Screen

: DDR RMS Plot of 80 Seconds Sampled Data with Four Faults at T-Zero

CONTINUOUS RECORDER (CR)

USI™ CR SPECIFICATIONS

Sampled Data:
Maximum Sample Frequency	2.4kHz per channel
Maximum Record Length	5 Days

Calculated Values:
Maximum Sample Frequency	60Hz per channel

Record Lengths:	30 Days @ 60 Hz Record Frequency

: Continuous Analog Plot of Two Minutes of Sampled Data with Four Faults Included

: Continuous Analog Screen

: Continuous Data Screen

: Continuous Plot of Two Minutes of RMS Calculated with Four Faults Included

PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT (PMU)

The Phasor Measurement Unit is a device that is deployed to monitor the power grid by recording phasor quantities and accurately referencing them to a standard time signal. To accomplish this task, the PMU extracts the parameters magnitude, phase angle, frequency, and rate of change of frequency from the signals appearing at its input terminals. The USI™ Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is an optional add-on application that allows USI™ DME users to perform phasor measurement unit functions in addition to existing DME functions. This add-on package requires no additional hardware or modification to an existing DFR installation. The USI™ PMU features synchrophasors available for each analog channel, positive sequence phasor calculated from any three-phase voltage or current inputs, analog values and digital input statues that can be added to the data stream, and user defined frame rate (60Hz, 30Hz, 20Hz, 15Hz, 10Hz), all while conforming to the IEEE PC37.118 standard. Additionally, the USI PhasorView™ software (see in accessories page), which allows real time monitoring of Synchrophaor data transmitted via the PC37.118 standard, comes with the USI PMU application at no additional cost.

USI™ PMU SPECIFICATIONS

Compliance:	IEEE C37.118 (2005)

Phasors:	Analog (Discreet Phasor for all DFR Inputs up to 128A)
	Positive Sequence Phasor for any 3-Phase Voltage or Current
	Digital (All DFR Inputs can be Included in the Data Stream)

Sampling:	All Phasor Estimates Calculated from 4.8kHz

Data Frame Rate:	10Hz, 15Hz, 20Hz, 30Hz, 60Hz

Time Synchronization:
IRIG-B (Un-modulated)	<1 microsecond

: Linear Plot of Analog (RMS) Values

: Linear Plot of Frequency

: PMU Communication Configuration Screen

: Polar Plot of Positive Sequence

FAULT LOCATION (FL)

The USI™ Fault Location Application utilizes the logic built into the USI DME Systems to determine the faulted line, the fault period, the fault type, and calculate the fault location. The fault location result is displayed on our fault summary screen and can be automatically reported via email or DNP3 to field engineers and system control personnel.

: Detailed Fault Location from USIMaster Analysis Toolbox

: Fault Location Email Report Sent by USIMaster

: Fault Location Report Displayed on Email Report Sent by USI Master

: Fault Location Result Displayed on USIMaster Fault Summary

POWER QUALITY (PQ)

Power Quality is an industry wide term that is used to describe electrical power that drives an electrical load and the load’s ability to function properly. A Power Quality Monitor (PQM) is designed to record power quality parameters (i.e., voltage dips, flicker, and harmonic content) and is used to help the user determine the health of an electrical power system. While a PMQ is normally set up for continuous recording at relatively low sampling rates, it also has the option to be reconfigured to switch to a higher sampling rate when it is trigger to do so either manually by the user or through pre-determined settings in the software. Utility Systems, Inc. is now happy to announce that the Model 9000 DME System has PQM Capabilities. Please enquire now!